The infibulation imposed for the past year on eleanor was effected by surgical incision and then insertion of small metal rings through her tightly closed labia. The historical record contains several ex plicit statements. Clitoridectomy and infibulation, commonly known as female circumcision, are practices found in many african cultures. This has been no less true of western commentators who have condemned the practice than of relevant governments that have attempted to curb it. In 1854, he published a book, on surgical diseases of women. Jul 31, 2014 open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.
It is not known when or where the tradition of female genital mutilation originated from. Executive summary of recommendations complications of female genital mutilation fgm. Infibulation is the ritual removal of the external female genitalia and the suturing of the vulva, a practice found mainly in northeastern africa, particularly in djibouti, eritrea, ethiopia, somalia, and sudan. Beginning in ancient rome as a supposed means of preserving the voice, preputial infibulation largely disappeared in europe until it experienced a revival during the victorian era as a clinical weapon in the medical war on masturbation. Westley 2 ejab, volume 4, 1999 senegal, the gambia, mauritania, egypt, sudan, djibouti, ethiopia, somalia, and mali. Infibulation, population control, and the medical profession. Infibulation is a procedure that involves closing or obstructing the genitals as a means to preventing sexual intercourse. I remember there is a place which we call yesetoch mekabir womens grave. Whether it is clitoridectomy, excision or infibulation, fgm is a global hindrance in the development of social life, especially for girls and women, since it adversely affects their mental and bodily health. The practice is found in africa, asia and the middle east, and within communities from. Oct 27, 2003 infibulation of the foreskin was also used as a means of controlling male sexuality. Infibulation definition of infibulation by the free. Another story, told by omar, a sudanese man in his 40s, illustrates the ways in.
Grace, is designed to be reversible, but the placement of the rings makes. Infibulation can also refer to placing a clasp through the foreskin in men. This act is generally but not always linked to chastity fetishes. Female circumcision and infibulation in africa david m. Western history of male infibulation piercing of the. Female genital mutilation fgm, also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. Pdf procedures to prevent the eversion of the foreskin have been in use since. The surgical infibulation of women came to be known as pharaonic circumcision in sudan, and as sudanese circumcision in egypt. Female genital mutilation a matter of human rights an advocates guide to action. Infidel by ayaan hirsi ali, desert flower by waris dirie, born in the big rains. Male infibulation piercing videos free porn videos. The bleeding sides of the girls labia are then sewn up with silk or held together with horizontallyinserted thorns.
Ending footbinding and infibulation webarchiv eth zurich. Infibulation is the temporary nullification or closure of the genitals. Infibulation refers specifically to the process of piercing the lips of the foreskin to fit it with a. The fgm national clinical group is a registered charity in. This is followed by stitching or narrowing the vaginal opening, leaving a small opening large enough to allow the flow of urine and menstruation. Jul 21, 2014 the practice of fgm is painful, harmful and incredibly dangerous in any form, but the most severe and debilitating type infibulation is so shocking, its difficult to even read about. When i was sixteen years old i was selected by one of his emissaries for the imams harem. Many africans and westerners feel that the practices are harmful but efforts to eradicate them. Infibulation definition of infibulation by medical dictionary. The findings showed that there was a strong support for the continuation of the practice among female discussants in somali region, whereas male discussants from the same region and the majority of the participants from harari region had a positive attitude toward the discontinuation of the practice. Like leila, i still do not know what justification can be given for fgm.
Western history of male infibulation piercing of the foreskin posted on august 8, 2008 by paul king editors note. Female footbinding in china lasted for 1,000 years but ended in a single generation. Fgm historical background, views in islamic sharia et recent researchs findings on fgm. Type iii is infibulation since the population is largely nomadic, most. Female infibulation involves removal of the clitoris, along with part or all of the labia minora. Inappropriate the list including its title or description facilitates illegal activity, or contains hate speech or ad hominem attacks on a fellow goodreads member or author. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 5. Gruenbaum e, sexual response and sudanese conceptions of the infibulated and uninfibulated vulva. Volume 4female circumcision and infibulation in africa article 1 1999 female circumcision and infibulation in africa david m. This article was first published on october 17, 2001, in the point, the publication of the association of professional piercers. I show that each practice is a selfenforcing convention, in. This practice is extremely painful and distressing, damages sexually sensitive skin and is an infection risk.
My parents were well pleased with my preferment, and i set out from home with girlish glee. Infibulation definition of infibulation by the free dictionary. Infibbed fakes i am 100 against any real form of fgm clitless. Infibulation is an extreme form of female genital mutilation fgm that involves completely sewing up a girls vulva, leaving only a pencilsized hole for fluids to escape. Until now, the social significance and function of this practice has been poorly understood. Infibulation girlscv is the biggest adult porn pics site.
In the past months, while searching pages of different books for a fictionalized story on female genital mutilation fgm, i have also travelled through many regions in nigeria researching the trends of fgm with support from united nations population fund unfpa. Female genital mutilation and its management this is the second edition of this guideline, which was previously published under the same title in 2009. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. There are four primary areas of literature on female circumcision and infibulation. Part of theafrican history commons, and theafrican languages and societies commons. This is to mean 8 women had been circumcised on one day and all of them died on the same day, and were buried in one place. Attitude toward female genital mutilation among somali and. Incorrect book the list contains an incorrect book please specify the title of the book. A foreskin was thus a prerequisite for infibulation. The world health organization refers to the procedure as type iii female genital mutilation. Integrity of women rainbo and published in 2000 by zed books united kingdom. It plays an important role in the islamic societies of northeastern africa. Since fgm is almost always carried out on minors, it is also a violation of the rights of children.
Infibulation definition of infibulation by medical. As do many other medical terms, infibulation derives from latin roots, here the transitive firstconjugation verb infibulare meaning to fasten with a fibula. That is why the place is called yesetoch mekabir womens grave. Infibulation definition of infibulation by merriamwebster. The world health organization refers to the procedure as. If you would like to obtain a copy of this book, please contact the center. Female genital mutilation world health organization.
As the winners of the daily trusts 2018 african of the year award, these girls will be feted in abuja, nigeria, in january and awarded sh2. It was believed that it was practised in ancient egypt as a sign of distinction amongst the aristocracy. Spam or selfpromotional the list is spam or selfpromotional. Open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Aug 03, 2009 i was born in the dominions of the imam of yemen. This analysis included both manual and electronic coding procedures through the use of hyperresearch 55. Learning resources, including videos, books, pamphlets etc. Female genital mutilationcutting in africa article pdf available in translational andrology and urology 62. World health organisation manual students a mutilation.
Infibulation is the practice of surgical closure of the labia majora outer lips of the vulva by sewing them together to partially seal the vagina, leaving only a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, or outer. Virility, pleasure and female genital mutilationcutting. Infibulation definition and meaning collins english dictionary. New videos about male infibulation piercing added today. Your chance to have a onetoone lesson with bestselling language expert. Johns college, university of oxford female genital mutilation in africa persists despite modernization, public education, and legal prohibition. Infibulation definition and meaning collins english. Practised largely in the somali region of ethiopia, the traditional process for infibulation involves the girl having her clitoris cut out and other parts of her genitalia carved away. Types of fgm fgm describes any deliberate, nonmedical removal or cutting of female genitalia. Of course, not all of the peoples in these countries follow such practices.
Infibulation is the most extreme form of female circumcision. The term infibulation derives from fibula, latin for clasp. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Learning activities because fgm is an extremely sensitive subject, it is. By using glue, piercings, sewing, and sometimes even minor surgery although this is very rare, the genitals either male or female can be temporarily sealed up inside the body where they cant be sexually used in the physical sense of the act. Different regions and communities practice various forms of mutilation. Understanding and addressing violence against women. Circumcision prevents infibulation benefits of circumcision. In its brief history it has been recognized as a pioneering piece of research with enormous consequences. Watch free male infibulation piercing videos at heavyr, a completely free porn tube offering the worlds most hardcore porn videos. The history of fgm is not well known but the practice dated back at least 2000 years. Apres chaque naissance, il y aura une nouvelle infibulation. In his popular and successful book on eugenics, which ran to at least seven editions from 1914 to 1921, shannon extolled the miraculous powers of circumcision to prevent masturbation, but also assured his lay readers that preputial infibulation would make masturbation impossible.
Many africans and westerners feel that the practices are. The practice of fgm is painful, harmful and incredibly dangerous in any form, but the most severe and debilitating type infibulation. We has toyed with the idea of temporary infibulation and had even sewn up her pussy lips one time, keeping it that way for nearly a week. In this paper, the cultural histories of cutting of the female genitalia are presented and discussed. Infibulation is the ritual removal of the external female genitalia and the suturing of the vulva.
Procedures to prevent the eversion of the foreskin have been in use since antiquity for various reasons. It is not unusual to not know what type of fgm you may have. Infibulation was espoused in europe and britain in previous centuries as a way of reducing population growth amongst the poor and, possibly for some, to prevent masturbation. Projected cultural histories of the cutting of female genitalia.
She really enjoyed the forced chastity anbd the feel of her smooth crotch without the adornment of lips and clitoris. This article is based on what documentary evidence exists together with some research of my own. Infibulation definition is extreme female genital mutilation involving complete excision of the clitoris, labia minora, and most of the labia majora followed by stitching to close up most of the vagina. A campaign for the eradication of infibulation within an extended. Hicks analyzes female circumcision as a cultural trait embedded in a historically traditional milieu and shows why it cannot be treated in isolation as a single issue destined for elimination. Understanding and addressing violence against women female genital mutilation female genital mutilation1 fgm is internationally recognized as a violation of the human rights of girls and women, reflecting deeprooted inequality between the sexes.
Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Mar 26, 2020 infibulation is a procedure that involves closing or obstructing the genitals as a means to preventing sexual intercourse. A fibula was a metal clasp like our modern safety pin. The vaginal opening is reduced by removing all or parts of the external genitalia the clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora and sewing, pinning, or otherwise causing the remaining tissue to fuse together during the healing process. Prior to this, an rcog statement with the same title was published in 2003. Among the first medical recommendations for preputial infibulation as a surgical method of preventing masturbation in boys was the german translation and commentary on celsus by johann christoph jaeger 17401816. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a computer such as microsofts free reader application, or a booksized computer this is used solely as a reading device such as nuvomedias rocket ebook. It is well known that slave infibulation was practiced in ancient greece and rome. Latin infibulare to fasten the labia majora or prepuce with stitches or a clasp, from in. The female circumcision controversy is a case study of sudan where the most severe form of fgmfcinfibulation removal of all or part of external genitalia and stitching of the vagina openingis practiced, making it a suitable place to examine this tradition.
These are however only intended as guidance students are advised to make use of whatever resources are available locally. The procedure, performed by first deputy surgeon capt. Female genital mutilationcutting fgmc is a traditional practice in which the external female genitalia is partially or totally incised or excised for a nontherapeutic reason, usually without. Westley boston university follow this and additional works at. Infibbed fakes i am 100 against any real form of fgm miscellaneous. Oct 06, 2016 female genital mutilation was common in the old days. They are deeply embedded, however, in cultures where they occur because they affect the very definition of what it is to be female. Some forms of cutting are quite common and they are classified as shown below.
51 628 747 1271 1130 653 56 482 972 421 309 120 1 414 231 150 1060 439 1234 643 591 1409 1421 653 972 381 102 79 961 796 1451 292 1189 576 874 505 1471 1418 1211 1361 1497 22 890 156 1297 699 1343 113